Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing type of blood and bone marrow cancer that primarily affects a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. It is the most common form of leukemia in adults, often diagnosed in individuals over the age of 60. CLL develops when the bone marrow produces too many abnormal lymphocytes, which do not function properly and crowd out healthy blood cells. This can lead to symptoms such as persistent fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, frequent infections, unintended weight loss, and easy bruising or bleeding. However, many patients may not experience noticeable symptoms in the early stages, and the disease is sometimes discovered incidentally during routine blood tests.

The progression and severity of CLL vary widely among patients. Some individuals may live for many years without needing treatment, while others may require therapy sooner due to rapid disease progression or symptom development. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, flow cytometry, and sometimes bone marrow biopsies to determine the type and stage of the disease. Treatment options include targeted therapies, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. Advances in targeted drugs, such as BTK inhibitors and BCL-2 inhibitors, have significantly improved outcomes for many patients. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential for managing the condition effectively and tailoring treatment to the patient’s specific needs.

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